Massages and meditate in the office, a new delivery… 5 reasons to say NO to cigarettes in the office… [Megaposts]

Administration of human resources in organizations

Administration of human resources:

1. How to cope with stress secondary teachers?
2. Information for the Prevention of Influenza A (H1N1)
3. Poor working conditions associated with problems in pregnancy
4. Poisonings of occupational origin. Case Presentation
5. A healthy lifestyle promotes genetic changes
6. Worker participation in health and safety issues
7. It Is 40 the new 30?
8. Quality of life is quality of work and vice versa
9. Massages and meditate in the office, a new delivery
10. 5 reasons to say NO to cigarettes in the office
11. The "mouse syndrome" continues to claim victims
12. Fitness and Health business
13. Fatigue
14. List of substances and carcinogens
15. Nicotine poisoning, frequent snuff collectors

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[ 1 ]

How to cope with stress secondary teachers?

It is a known fact that teachers suffer from stress. Coinciding with other studies (Hannah, 1988; Pierce & Molloy, 1990) this research confirms that teachers suffer from stress and develop defense mechanisms to minimize the consequences.
The study analyzes responses from 55 teachers of an English high school (South East Essex College) and compares with 55 other teachers from a high school Spanish (Instituto Can Vilumara). What is trying to find out is whether two such different societies cope with stress or similarly diverse as they teach high school students.
A high number of participants revealed that most teachers seeking social support. As Lazarus and Folkman (1984) said, seek social support represents an effort to seek a strong and emotional support, this is usually something that women prefer to do to feel less stressed and alone. Another large group of participants responded using a strategy of self - control because they prefer to control their own feelings to share problems with others. Self - control strategy is used mainly by men with little work experience. They try out problems independently. This may be due to the fear that causes them to their peers think they are not able to cope with the problems caused by teaching. Another hypothesis that emerges from the study is that the substitute teachers believe that if they express their problems could be affected the chances of being promoted to full professors.
Anyway research certifies that teachers do not choose to distance themselves from stressful situations, ie not deny the existence of problems to solve.
The study has found that face problems helps teachers of the two countries to increase their overall health. There is a big difference between the English and Spanish teachers, all prefer to fight for what they believe is right, support their decisions when they believe they are right. Teachers generally prefer face the problems and try to solve them .
At the starting point of this research, there is the assumption that there could be a big difference between teachers in England and in Spain when faced with stressful situations in their working lives, but found that there are actually no significant difference among teachers of these two countries. One of the reasons why you may not have many differences is that often individuals with the same cultural level, who have chosen a profession that privileges the words and thought; Moreover, it is likely that psychic functioning mechanisms differ much less than the social uses, at least in the West.
This study reveals that teachers face stressful situations daily. As stressful situations are not always possible to avoid it would be important to explain what strategies teachers can use to more easily cope with stress.
Teachers should learn to disconnect from their school problems when you will find yourself in social gatherings or with friends, trying not to become obsessed with their own concerns of the working environment. It would be important to establish whether the stress that has a teacher is only produced by the conflicts created in the classroom or if a part of the stress that comes from personal situations. Occupational stress and depression appears when a teacher turns and excessive or exclusively dedicated to work, not knowing how to relax and organize your leisure.
Doctors who care for affected teachers would have to include a psychological analysis to discover the source of stress. When there are serious mental problems psychological collaboration should be sought, so that one could diagnose the problem and devise the most appropriate treatment.
Seeking social support is a tactic widely used by teachers. As can be seen in the study is very important for teachers to share their problems with coworkers or friends, with people who can understand what they are experiencing. It would be helpful for teachers to create specific groups of support whether they were coordinated by external professionals or by the school psychologist, as with other affected groups (eg. Alcoholics Anonymous for people with alcohol problems ). Technical or emotional support can have a great influence on the prevention and treatment of stress on teachers.
This research is interesting the idea of Imm's (1990), which says that an hour or more per week aerobics is a good investment to combat stress; being fit has emerged as an important element to be healthy. So when a person is in way less often succumb in stressful situations. Because your body and mind are better able to withstand stressful situations.
Another way to help teachers cope with stress is teamwork with parents of students. If teachers think they are alone with the education of their students easily can feel stressed by too much responsibility, but if teachers feel that parents support them will feel less unprotected from conflict situations and therefore will be healthier and happy. All the teachers work with parents can facilitate the educational task; less stressed mood help create a better environment in the classroom which will benefit the education of students.
A final and very important for coping recommendation: the teacher has formulated realistic expectations. Some teachers believe that to be a good teacher must have the ability to help all students with problems. Although these expectations are admirable, a teacher should first decide what is realistic and what is not possible to get of their students.

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[ 2 ]

Information for the Prevention of Influenza A (H1N1)

It is reported that the academic community should meet with flu - like symptoms and your doctor has considered conducting assessment of Influenza A (H1N1), must notify the phone: XXXXXX, leaving your personal data for tracking the case.
FREQUENT QUESTIONS

What is H1N1 Influenza?

It is a new influenza virus able to cause disease in humans, originated in pigs by genetic exchange among swine, bird and human viruses.

What is the mechanism of transmission of the virus?

It is transmitted through the airway by distributed through the air after coughing or sneezing particles, but also by contact with the same particles remaining on hands and surfaces of objects.

What are the manifestations of the disease?

The picture is similar to that of seasonal flu. It manifests with fever, cough, headache, sore throat, muscle and joint aches and sometimes vomiting and diarrhea.
It must be remembered that at this moment epidemiological Argentina, for a case to be considered suspect the certainty of a recent trip (within the last 10 days) or be symptomatic of another suspected case contact is necessary.

What is the severity of the disease?

It is not known so far true mortality of the disease. It is important to note that seasonal influenza can also cause severe manifestations and even death in some patients who integrate risk groups (over 65 and under 5, people affected by chronic cardiorespiratory diseases, immunosuppressed, diabetics and kidney insufficient).

How long can an infected person spread swine flu to others?

People infected with the H1N1 influenza virus can spread the disease while they have symptoms and possibly up to seven days after the onset of the disease. Children, especially younger children, might be contagious for longer periods.

Is there an effective treatment?

Treatment with oseltamivir is effective especially if given in the first two days of symptom onset is recommended in suspected or confirmed cases. This medication will be provided by the Ministry of Health with a systematic that the doctor inform the patient.

Is it useful influenza vaccine (seasonal) flu?

The flu vaccine does not include the influenza H1N1 virus so it is not useful to
prevent this disease. However, it is important to meet annual vaccination
in risk groups.

What behavior you should take the patient with suspicious symptoms?

Given the history of recent travel or contact with a patient of Influenza AH1N1 and the presence of flu-like symptoms should be performed consultation in the nearest health center. If not require hospitalization, you should stay at home avoiding close contact with others for 10 days.

What are the warning signs that should prompt an urgent consultation?

In addition to the symptoms already described emergency consultation should be done if you have the following symptoms.
• Difficulty breathing
• Blue or gray skin (cyanosis)
• Pain chest or abdomen
• Disorientation
• Vomiting

What precautions should be taken to avoid infection with Influenza AH1N1?

• Cover your cough with a tissue and then dispose of its use.
• Wash hands with soap and water, especially after coughing or frequent
sneezing. Alcohol - based antiseptics are effective.
• Avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth.
• Avoid close contact with sick people.
• Use chinstrap as directed by your doctor.

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[ 3 ]

Poor working conditions associated with problems in pregnancy

Pregnant women with physically demanding jobs and long or irregular hours would be high risk for premature labor or giving birth to a low birth weight baby, a new study suggests.
The authors found that among more than 1,000 pregnant women, who claimed to have physically demanding jobs had higher risk of having a low birth weight baby.
21 percent of these women had a low birth weight baby, unlike 14 percent of participants with less physical demand at work, published in the journal BJOG.
In addition to these demands, long hours and shift work or temporary they were associated with premature or low birth weight delivery.
Women who worked more than 40 hours per week or shift had a higher risk of having a low birth weight baby. Which were temporary jobs, were four times more risk of premature than those with stable employment labor.
The study could not identify the reasons for these relations, explained Dr. Isabelle team Niedhammer, University College Dublin, Ireland.
In the case of temporary jobs, Niedhammer told Reuters Health, could be that such work have worse conditions, including increased stress.
For its part, the researcher explained that working with physically demanding, such as requiring heavy lifting, carrying heavy loads or standing for a long time was associated with pregnancy complications in previous studies.
In the new study, women with jobs that did not require too many skills were more likely to work in shifts, have long hours or have physically demanding occupations.
The team also took into account factors such as education of women and their habits, like smoking and found that labor conditions seemed to affect the outcome of pregnancy, regardless of socioeconomic factors.
According Niedhammer, the results indicate that women should talk to their doctors about their occupations in the first prenatal visit and, if necessary and possible, change their working conditions.
Since these conditions can be modified, the team concluded that more studies on how certain conditions can affect the health of a pregnancy are needed.

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[ 4 ]

Poisonings of occupational origin. Case Presentation

summary

peripheral neuropathy, psychotic disorder, acute hepatonecrosis, respiratory disease outbreak are some cases of poisoning of occupational origin. His presentation aims to make visible the problem in a practical and enjoyable way, in order to alert professionals who are in a position to address similar cases.

Introduction

In the working environment is frequent handling and contact with toxic and hazardous substances, as raw materials, synthesis intermediaries, filler materials, solvents or cleaning products, among many others.
From 300,000 to 600,000 chemicals are commonly used in agriculture and industry. Each year more than 2,000 proposed new molecules of which 500 to 1000 are introduced on the market (1) and the continuous advancement of industrial chemistry suggests higher figures shortly.
Faced with this multiplicity and diversity of the products used, knowledge of the toxicity and mechanisms of action of industrial chemicals are highly fragmented and often workers are exposed to new products long before they know in depth their toxic action . Furthermore, in industrial activity are used rarely pure products, as most often composed of several substances are used. Individual thereof may be known, but in mixtures toxic effects, plus a superposition of effects may occur phenomena of interaction between toxic, leading to an increase (synergy, potentiation) or decreased (antagonism) of toxic manifestations by the fact of their joint action.
Tables and intoxication acute character, the immediacy of the onset of symptoms following exposure facilitates the connection box with the workplace but in subacute, chronic or delayed character is much more difficult to recognize work - process . Acute and flowery lead, mercury or manganese attended by professionals of Occupational Medicine in the last century are not found today, however are more frequent non - specific tables poisoning: malaise, headache, endocrine disorders, etc. that go unnoticed. Ignorance of the substances used, incomplete data on toxicity, product mix, handling without appropriate preventive action causes the appearance of tables of occupational poisonings. On the other hand, the changes that are occurring in business relationships, outsourcing of dangerous activities or less qualified to other companies or hiring temporary employment makes the risk to move from sectors traditionally more risk ( agriculture and industry) to the services sector which is not related "a priori" with toxic risk.
Brazilian legal regulation determines that the employer is responsible treatment of diseases contracted by the worker because of his work; for the provision of this care task entrepreneurs associate at the Institute of Occupational Accidents and Occupational Diseases of the Social Security (INSS - CAT Carteira of Acidente do Trabalho) However, for various reasons being analyzed, often the treatment of occupational poisoning is done by health personnel of the public health system instead of the corresponding INSS.
To achieve adequate therapeutic approach poisoning is essential to identify the causative agents, so in those produced by substances used in the workplace professional origin is necessary. The process of identifying a disease is a path that begins with clinical suspicion and ends in the diagnostic confirmation. The suspicion arises from the information obtained from the patient in the anamnesis and clinical data recorded in history and are exploration and complemetarias tests that confirm or eliminate the initial hypotheses. Without a properly substantiated suspicion hardly it will reach the recognition of the disease. Therefore, it is important to acquire the habit of requiring extensive information on data relating to work activity, products used, method of use, and preventive measures used by a worker during anamnesis as it is a basic tool and necessary for identification of those pathologies related to labor activity that can present the patient.

Risk of poisoning at work

In Brazil there are no official records of workers exposed to chemical agents during their professional activity. You may get a rough idea of the situation from the survey data Working Conditions 1999 (2), 27.7% of workers surveyed reported being exposed to chemical contaminants, either by inhalation of dust, fumes, vapors, gases, etc. or handling of harmful or toxic products. 17.1% of workers manipulated in his post harmful or toxic products. The manipulation was most common in the industry (27.1%) sector and, within those sectors, in the chemical industry.
Very similar exposure values are observed in the 1st Survey of Health and Working Conditions of the Rio Grande do Sul 1997, where one of every 4 workers interviewed said breathing dust, smoke or noxious or toxic gases (25.9%) , and 16.9% of the sample reported using substances or toxic products, especially in manufacturing and chemical and more than 83% of farmers (3).
Another source of information on exposure to chemicals at work in the State Rio Grande do Sul is the Directory Services Prevention Institute of Occupational Health of the Government that collects data from health policies to prevent occupational risks that develop in the Business. Among others, recorded the minimum set of data on workers exposed to occupational hazards in the workplace, and reports that are exposed to risks of chemical type 18% of workers in coverage for prevention services.

Intoxications at work

Brazilian law requires that an illness is treated as a professional is to be caused directly and exclusively by a factor of own risk in the working environment. It is defined as an occupational disease (PD) "that collapsed as a result of work performed by others in the activities specified in the table is regularly reviewed as development of the Social Security Act that defines it , and is caused by the action of the elements or substances indicated for each ". The table of occupational diseases currently in force was published in 1978 (5), has the disadvantage of being a "closed list"; the lack of regular review and update makes new diseases are not incorporating, for example those produced by chemical agents used recently.
Each of the member countries of MERCOSUR maintains a listing and reporting system and reporting different diseases.
According to the classification of EP, labor poisonings are in group A: "Occupational diseases caused by chemical agents." Annex 1 presents the chemical agents and work activities cited by the EP are summarized box. Other groups refer to those occupational exposures could cause dermatological disorders, lung disease, infectious diseases, bone and joint diseases, and neoplastias, among the most marked, to a total of 72 different headings.
Apart from the compensatory and preventive considerations to be established in cases where an occupational disease is diagnosed, the employer must make available to the affected worker health resources for medical and therapeutic care of these health damage, usually by Mutual of Accidents and Occupational Diseases.

Incidence of poisonings in the workplace

The number of cases of PE by chemical agents declared in Brazil in the 1998-2001 period was 1494 cases involving 373.5 cases / year and an incidence rate averaged 3.1 cases per 100,000 workers / year. In the same period, they were recorded in Navarra 11 cases with an average of 2.75 cases / year and an incidence rate of 1.58 per 100,000 workers. Table 2 national annual data for the period are presented.
Different authors, noting the differences in incidence of EP statement among similar communities, warn about the underreporting of them in the official records (6), through ignorance, misinformation, and economic interests among other reasons. In the case of occupational poisonings can be given as additional bias statement as occupational accident; around 11% of accidents caused by declared chemical agents may be diseases.
Given the limitations of official records, an alternative is the creation of additional records, which passively (review of record high hospital) or active notification of health that provide assistance (emergency department, internal medicine ... ) allow the identification of possible cases of occupational poisoning. A performance in this line is the project promoted by the Ministry of Labour and Employment, in which health prevention services doctors act as reporting work - related injury.

Cases of poisoning in workplace

Some cases of poisoning of occupational origin are presented. It aims to make visible this problem in a practical and enjoyable way, in order to alert professionals who are in a position to address similar cases. These are real situations attended by doctors from the public health network. In these four occasions he came to relate the clinical picture with a work activity risk.

Case 1. Peripheral neuropathy

52 - year - old male refers a picture of dizziness, headache, malaise, progressive loss of strength in upper limbs and mood disorders and sleep; for several years he is being treated for "migraines". Go to your health center several times and finally began a period of short-term disability. Relate the picture with their work as improvement in holiday periods. Working for 20 years in a shoe factory. Scan data. Electromyogram: bilateral mixed polyneuropathy with involvement of median nerve and ulnar (compatible with chronic neurotoxicicdad) Facts work activity: Job: vulcanized sole. In this activity there is exposure to n-hexane and isomers. Preventive measures in the company are deficient: the job has no local exhaust, has not provided the worker appropriate protective clothing (gloves, mask) or specific medical examinations of the worker are performed.
Comments Case 1: The improvement of symptoms during periods of rest and vacation warned of the possible occupational origin. Nerve conduction tests were consistent with exposure to n-hexane solvent distal neurotic affectation, as will be formed. With the study of the job could be identified significant deficiencies in the activity of risk prevention in : best measures in place or appropriate protective clothing and used correctly they had gotten the worker were exposed to lower concentrations of solvent . Conducting periodic specific medical examinations and determination of metabolites in urine would have enabled early detection. The rest of exposed workers could benefit from improved preventive measures.

Case 2. Psychotic Disorder

27 year old male. Refers box progressive muscle spasms, difficulty concentrating, tachycardia, referential ideas, visual hallucinations started 3-4 months ago. Initially the diagnosis is "unspecified psychotic disorder". It is served for 6 months in a mental health center with little improvement in symptoms. After a few months, her psychiatrist suspected relationship with the work process. Facts work activity: control cabin vehicle upholstery glue and solvents used replacement. He held this post almost 4 months. For five weeks she worked 48 hours a week. Adhesive composition: 50% hexane, 10% acetone and 5% toluene and solvent: 78% xylene and 22% ethylbenzene. Environmental measurements indicate that the concentration level exceeds the limits of accepted exposure. Preventive measures are deficient: there are no ventilation systems and personal protective equipment are inadequate, not used gloves and used improper mask. Comments on Case 2: Worker during follow-up, the psychiatrist asked about the job, the activities performed and the products that was exposed in the performance of their work. With these data related psychotic box with exposure to solvents during their work. While the development of this disease have been implicated individual susceptibility factors, the desencadentantes the table have been exposure to toxic agents in the working environment and the lack of adequate preventive measures.

Case 3. Acute hepatonecrosis

19 year old male. During his workday starts a dialog headache, fever 40, petechiae eyelids and abdominal pain. At 24 hs attended the emergency room and admitted to the hospital. Scan data: diffusely painful abdomen. Rest of nondescript exploration. Hematology: 100,000 platelets Leukocytes: 500 / mm3, Petrombina 40.7%. Biochemistry. Total bilirubin 2.7 mg% GOT: 169 IU, GPT: 949 IU, Gamma GT153 UI, HBV (-), HCV (-), ANA (-). Diagnosis: hepatonecrosis in relation to exposure to solvents. Facts work activity: work in a cleaning company that performs services for other companies. Your task: cleaning paint booths, age 3 weeks. In the cleaning using a mixed solvent of 64% xylene, 34% ethyl acetate, 6% butanol. Preventive measures in the company did not have adequate gloves, no mask or goggles. The picture a day when the team did not work extraction of gases and vapors cabin began.
Comments on Case 3: the onset of symptoms in the workplace immediately alerted the emergency room physician who attended the worker on the job likely origin of this poisoning. This case would be assigned to the financial services sector, although the workplace and the materials agents that triggered the picture belong to the service sector.

Case 4. Outbreak of respiratory disease

Several workers in the same company consulted by persistent dry cough and progressive breathlessness and intensity a month after the opening of the factory. The symptoms are intensified in the workplace. The first episode improved with weekly rest. Progressive discomfort have been appearing increasingly shorter exposure time. 11 affected workers, 3 of them belonging to a temporary work (ETT) were identified. The intensity of symptoms requires several workers go to hospital emergency room. Roncus data exploration and wheezing. Spirometry: moderate obstruction via central and peripheral area with improvement after bronchodilator test with salbutamol. Facts work activity: the company is engaged in the manufacture of synthetic rubber injection presses. The parts were demolded hot. In the process vapor emissions and fumes to which workers are exposed they occur. Many of the products used and the compounds found in the emissions is irritating capacity. Preventive measures in the company: no local exhaust devices, but only in some places.
Comments 4 case: as in the previous case the temporal relationship between the onset of symptoms and exposure facilitates the identification process as labor. In this same direction orients the improvement during weekends initially observed. The appearance of the picture in other peers is a common feature in diseases of occupational origin. This outbreak of disease caused great alarm in the company and motivated environmental conditions, working procedures and preventive measures to be employed will be studied.

conclusions

- The number of workers at risk of intoxication is high: more than a quarter of workers in Spain are exposed to chemicals in the workplace, and around 17% handle directly.
- The cases of occupational diseases chemical risk are low: 3 cases per year per 100,000 workers. Official records of occupational diseases not possible to determine the magnitude of the problem because of underreporting.
- Professional poisonings often are treated in health centers of the public health system without reaching to suspect that they are related to the work activity affected.
- The collection of systematic information on work activity when performing the patient's medical history is essential to relate or discard the occupational origin to be incorporated into the practice of health tool.
- You need to set records at different levels of care provision to allow professional poisonings remain registered as such.

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[ 5 ]

A healthy lifestyle promotes genetic changes

The comprehensive changes in lifestyle including a better diet and more exercise can lead not only an improvement in physical terms, but also dramatic changes at the genetic level, US researchers said .
In a small study, researchers tracked 30 men with low - risk prostate cancer who opposed the conventional medical treatment such as surgery and radiation therapy or hormonal.
Patients underwent three months of drastic changes in lifestyle: start of a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and soy products, moderate exercise such as daily walks half an hour exercise and one hour a day of methods stress management and meditation.
As expected, patients lost weight, lowered their blood pressure and recorded further improvements in health. But the researchers found more profound changes when they compared prostate biopsies taken before and after the lifestyle changes.
After three months, the men had changes in activity in about 500 genes, including 48 that were activated and 453 to be defused.
The activity of disease - preventing genes increased while the number of genes that promote ailments, including prostate cancer and breast cancer was reduced, according to the study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America .
The researchers were led by Dr. Dean Ornish, head of the Institute of Preventive Medicine Research in Sausalito, California, and a known advocate changes in lifestyle to improve health.
"It is an encouraging finding because so often people say 'Oh, it 's all in my genes, what I can do?'. Well, it turns out that much can be done , " he said in a telephone interview Ornish, who is also affiliated to the University of California in San Francisco.
"In just three months can change hundreds of genes simply by changing what you eat and how you live. It's very impressive , " said the author. "The implications of our study are not limited to men with prostate cancer , " said Ornish.

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[ 6 ]

Worker participation in health and safety issues

The participation of workers in the organization of security in the workplace can be approached in many ways, depending on the national law and practice. In this article only refers to information systems and consultation and not related forms of employee involvement is done. In addition, specific aspects related to some extent with the consultation and information (p. Eg., Intervention or notice of inspections, participation in training activities) are analyzed.
The idea for the collaboration of companies and workers aimed at improving health and safety at work is based on several principles:
1. Workers can contribute to the prevention of accidents at work identifying and warning of potential risks and reporting the imminent dangers.
2. The promotion of worker participation form them and encourages them to cooperate in promoting security.
3. Ideas and experiences of workers are considered a useful contribution to improving safety.
4. People have a right to participate in decisions affecting their working life in general and their health and welfare in particular.
5. Cooperation between essential to improve working conditions, social partners should be based on equitable participation.
These principles contained in the Convention on safety and health of workers and the working environment, 1981 (No. 155). Article 20 states that "cooperation between employers and workers or their representatives in the undertaking shall be an essential element of the organizational measures and other" adopted in the area of health and safety at work. Also in paragraph 2 (1) of the Recommendation concerning communications between management and workers within the company, 1967 (No. 129) emphasizes that:
(...) both employers and their organizations and workers and their organizations should in their common interest, acknowledging the importance within the company, a climate of understanding and mutual confidence positive for both the effectiveness of the company and the aspirations of workers.
The reasoning behind this is that businesses and workers have a common interest in implementing a system of self - regulation of the prevention of occupational accidents; in fact, they are more interested in the health safety at work, since the work -related accidents is easier to establish and therefore they are compensated more easily. Also for this reason, security representatives of many countries were historically the first to have rights and duties in the place of work established in legislation or collective agreements.
Currently, there is probably not an issue in the field of labor relations and human resource management, for which the social partners are so willing to collaborate as regards health and safety.
However, in some national contexts, unions have not devoted sufficient initiatives in this area to feature prominently on the agenda of the negotiations and contract administration as resources.
Rights to information and consultation enshrined in the law of the ILO and the European Union
The general obligation for companies to provide information on health and safety for workers and their representatives and take into account their views through consultation systems, is provided for in Article 20 of the Convention on the prevention of serious industrial accidents 1993 (No. 174). This standard prescribes that "workers and their representatives in facilities that present a serious risk will be consulted through appropriate cooperation mechanisms, in order to ensure a safe system of work". Specifically, workers and their representatives are entitled to:
(a) be informed adequately and appropriately the risks associated with such facilities and their likely consequences; (b) be informed of any orders, instructions or recommendations made by the competent authority; (c) be consulted on the drafting of the following documents: (i) safety reports, (ii) emergency plans and procedures, (iii) accident reports and have access to them.
As a result of these rights to information and consultation, workers are also entitled to "discuss with the company the potential risks they consider capable of generating a major accident" [Article 20 (f)]. From a more general point of view, in the ILO Convention No. 155 standards for health and safety in the working environment they are established and provides for the adoption of provisions at enterprise level under which:
"(c) representatives of workers ... are given adequate information on measures taken by the employer to ensure safety and health and may consult their representative organizations about such information provided they do not disclose commercial secrets" (Article 19). In the same Convention it states that, under these provisions, workers or their representatives "are entitled ... to examine all aspects of safety and health associated with their work, and are consulted in this respect by the employer; to this end, and by mutual agreement, be brought in from outside advisers to the company. "
In paragraph 12 of ILO Recommendation No. 164 supplementing Convention No 155, provides that rights to information and consultation on issues of health and safety should be granted to various participatory institutions: safety representatives of workers committees workers ' safety and health, joint health and safety committees, and other representations of workers. Also, important principles affecting the nature and content of information and consultation are established. First, these practices should enable the institutions of representation referred to "contribute to the process of decision-making at the enterprise level, as far as security issues and health concerns" [Article 12 (e)].
Just rights that must be known and heard is not a question: workers and their representatives should:
"(a) receive sufficient information on safety issues and health, be able to examine the factors that affect health and safety workers and encouraged to propose measures in this field. "they should" (b) be consulted when before - and provide important new safety measures and health ejecuten-, and seek to obtain the support of workers to such measures "and" (c) ... when changes in operations and work processes and content or organization of work, which may have implications for the safety or health of workers "are foreseen.
the principle that "the employer should be informed and consulted representatives of workers of the company on projects, measures or decisions that may have harmful consequences for the health of workers in relation to air pollution, noise and vibration in the workplace "(ILO Recommendation on the protection of workers from occupational hazards due to air pollution, noise and vibration in the workplace, 1977 (No. 156), paragraph 21 ) reflects the idea of an "effective communications policy" set out in general terms in paragraph 8 of the ILO Recommendation (No. 129), which should ensure that disseminate "information and consultation takes place between the parties concerned ... before that management decisions on matters of greater interest. " To make these practices effective, "steps should be taken to give stakeholders training on the use of communication methods" (paragraph 6).
The participatory approach in labor relations in the area of health and safety is confirmed by other international legal texts. A significant example is the Framework Directive 89/391 / EEC on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health of workers at work in the countries of the European Union. Article 10 stipulates that the employer shall take appropriate measures so that workers and / or their representatives receive, in accordance with national legislation and / or practice measures, all necessary information concerning the risks to safety and health , measures and activities of protection or prevention (and first aid, fire fighting, evacuation of workers and cases of imminent and serious risk). This information must " be offered suitable temporary and contract workers present at the workplace or enterprise form".
In addition, "workers who perform a specific role in protecting the safety and health of workers, or workers ' representatives with a specific role in protecting the safety and health of workers" should have access to the risk assessment and protective measures, reports on occupational accidents and illnesses suffered by workers and information from all activities of protection and prevention, as well as inspection services and agencies competent for safety and health.
Article 11 of the EC Directive consultation and participation is linked. In fact, employers "consult workers and / or their representatives and allow their participation in the framework of all matters affecting safety and health at work". This implies "the consultation of workers, the right of workers and / or their representatives to make proposals, balanced participation in accordance with national laws and / or practices." In the same text it provides that: (...) workers or workers ' representatives with a specific role in protecting the safety and health of workers, participate in a balanced way, in accordance with national laws and / or national, or shall be consulted in use and in due time by the employer ...
the purpose of these rights is to cover all measures that could substantially affect health and safety, including the designation of workers required to implement certain measures ( first aid, fire fighting and evacuation of workers) and planning and organizing appropriate training in health and safety throughout the employment relationship (on recruitment, transfer jobs, introduction of new equipment work, adoption of new technologies).
The choice is clear: no to the conflict, yes to participation in aspects of health and safety of labor relations.
This is the meaning of the Framework Directive of the EC which goes beyond the simple logic of the right to information. The system is based on a form of genuine consultation, as "previously and in due time" should occur; in other words, not only prior to the adoption of decisions by the employer, but also in sufficient time to enable workers to make comments and proposals regarding such decisions.
Also in the Directive the ambiguous term "balanced participation" open to various interpretations used.
The notion is broader (or at least different) to the query, but not to the point of constituting a form of joint decision - making that can prevent companies from taking measures not previously approved by the workers or their representatives . Clearly seems a form of participation that goes beyond mere consultation (otherwise, headline article "consultation and participation" pointless), but not necessarily to reach the joint decision - making. To some extent, the concept is vague: it includes various forms of worker participation which vary considerably between Member States of the European Union.
In addition, in any case, the Directive does not establish an obligation to provide a specific form of balanced participation.
Both in the texts of the ILO and EC, the information appears to be seen as the provision of data, in writing or in a meeting, by the direction of the representative bodies of workers. The consultation usually means the establishment of joint committees, in which workers ' representatives are informed not only by management, but can also comment and expect justification of it in the case where the opinions differ. Obviously, these concepts depart from trading (in which a binding contract result is obtained in joint committees, which operate at the enterprise or inter - scale) and joint management (in which the worker has the right to veto and decision-making It requires the agreement of both parties). As businesses and community groups companies, Council Directive No 94/45 / EC of 22 September 1994 provides for the establishment of European works councils or procedures for informing and consulting.
The information relates "in particular to transnational questions which significantly affect workers' [Article 6 (3)]. Time will tell if it is used for purposes related to health and safety.

Role of workers' representatives in assessing risks and in improving the working environment: records

The active nature of consultation is also stressed in Article 11 (3) of the Framework Directive EC, which states that the representatives of workers with specific responsibility for the protection of the safety and health workers "are entitled to request the employer to take appropriate measures and to submit proposals to this effect to mitigate any risk to workers and / or eliminate sources of risk."
The Framework Directive, with its provisions on risk management, although clearly assigns responsibility to companies, also encourages greater participation of workers and their representatives in consultations on management strategies health and safety. Employers should assess risks and present their risk control systems through a plan or other statement. In all cases, they are expected to consult with workers and their representatives and have their participation in the design, implementation and monitoring of these systems. However, it is undeniable that this directive, to confer important rights workers participation has simultaneously adopted an approach of "self - assessment". Other EC Directives require, among other things, recording the results of measurements and analyzes and stipulate the rights of workers ' access to these records.
Moreover, in paragraph 15 (2) of ILO Recommendation No. 164 provides that:
(...) should require employers to record data on safety and health of workers and working environment that authority or competent authorities
consider essential, among which could include data on all accidents produced and all cases of health damage that occur during work or in connection therewith, and subject to declaration are found; authorizations and exemptions under laws or regulations on the subject, and the conditions to such authorizations and exemptions are subject; certificates relating to the control of the health of workers in the enterprise, and data concerning exposure to specified substances and agents.
Worldwide applies the general principle according to which companies are required to keep records, for example, accidents and occupational, or the use or existence of biological and environmental controls diseases.
National law and practice
By comparison, there are systems of industrial relations (p. Eg., In Italy) where the legislation does not confer rights to information and consultation on health and safety at work representatives of workers, although suelan seen such rights in collective agreements. Italian law provides workers own the right to control the application of the rules on the prevention of occupational accidents and diseases, as well as the right to conduct studies and take appropriate measures to safeguard the health and safety at work . In other systems (p. Eg., In the UK) to achieve disclosure of information on the required material in legislation is necessary to first have appointed safety representatives, and this is only possible if there is a union recognized in the business. In situations where it does not recognize a union or suspends the necessary recognition, information and consultation rights can not be exercised. These national experiences raise the question: to what extent is effective workers ' participation in health and safety conditioned by the adoption of provisions in the law? No doubt some legal backing can be useful, with the optimum scope of legislation likely that established the election of workers ' representatives sufficiently vested rights that allow them to act independently of management, and at the same time it provides for the existence of various organizational systems participation in the different sectors and companies.
In general, industrial relations systems is legally stipulates that employee representatives are informed and consulted on health and safety issues. A composite joint committees of representatives of workers and management are assigned considerable powers.
In France, for example, health committees, safety and working conditions may propose preventive measures: the company does not accept must justify its decision in detail. However, empirical evidence shows that sometimes the safety representatives are more effective than committees, as they depend less on the existence of a cooperative relationship.
Through various forms of participation based on representation, workers in general enjoy rights recognized by the Conventions and Recommendations of the ILO ( in addition, where appropriate, of the EC directives) above, with particular reference to the economies industrialized free market. Safety representatives and members of the councils have the right to be informed and consulted by the company regarding all matters relating to their activity and improving working conditions, including health and safety. They have the right to review all relevant documents that the company is required to register under the legislation, and statements about the results of the investigations. They may also request copies of these documents if necessary.

Effectiveness of the rights of information and consultation

Apart from certain specific aspects (such as the use of experts, participation or call for inspections or protection against retaliation) that greatly affect the effectiveness of the rights of information and consultation on health and safety, other factors general to be taken into account in this regard. First, the size of the company: the effectiveness of controls is reduced in small units, where unions and other forms of worker representation are almost nonexistent. Moreover, it is less likely that these centers implement the provisions of the legislation.
Second, if the safety representatives are integrated into formal union present at the center in question is more likely to achieve the expected improvements in the working environment. Thirdly, the regimes of information and consultation concerning health and safety reflect the character more based on conflict (p. Eg., United Kingdom, Italy) or cooperation (p. Eg., Germany, Scandinavia , Japan) system of labor relations in which they are applied. Moreover, in general, collaboration between management and labor favors the dissemination of information and consultation.
Fourth, it should not be underestimated the role of the management initiative. Rather than the existence of rights recognized by law, consultation and information are effective when there is a corporate culture that supports them . Companies, through their attitude towards training, their commitment to disclosure and its speed in answering queries, can create a climate of conflict or cooperation.
The legal support is essential to ensure full independence of workers ' representatives working in this field, but later, the success of information and consultation arrangements depends largely on the voluntary choice of both parties.
Finally, it should be noted that a precondition for effective representation of workers in health and safety in the workplace, is the awareness of the working population. For the success of this specialized form of employee representation it is essential that such a need is perceived and valued by them. It is available empirical evidence to show consideration by health workers and security as one of the most significant issues in their working lives.

Guarantees regarding the use of information

Comparative experience shows that, in general, it is considered that workers ' representatives violate their confidentiality agreement if they disclose data on business production processes and other professional secrets.
They are also obliged to exercise discretion as regards the information provided and that the company qualifies as confidential. In the ILO Convention No. 155 obligation it is recognized by stating that the representatives in the company may consult their representative organizations about information on health and safety at work "provided they do not disclose trade secrets" [Article 19 ( c)].
In some systems (p. Eg., Greece), representatives of workers councils are required to not divulge information obtained is of fundamental importance for the company importance and which, if disclosed, would undermine their competitiveness . It is expected of the employee representatives and the company jointly decide what information should be disclosed. In other systems (p. Eg., Luxembourg), if employee representatives disagree with the classification of a certain data as confidential, may refer the matter to inspection to adopt a decision.
In some countries, the duty of confidentiality is only implicit (p. Eg., Italy). Also, when not specifically imposed in this regard (p. Eg., United Kingdom), representatives of workers can not receive the business information on the health of individuals (unless they give their consent), data harm national security or information harmful to the company. Finally (p. Eg., Sweden), that duty may not prevent the safety representatives communicate certain information received to the executive board of the union, which shall also be bound to respect confidentiality.

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[ 7 ]

It Is 40 the new 30?

LONDON Everyone gets older, but in many ways, people act more jovial than their parents when they were your age.
Scientists have defined a new age concept and believe they can explain why populations are aging but at the same time seem to rejuvenate.
Instead of measuring the age based on how people have lived so far, scientists have identified certain factors to determine how many years they will live.
"Using these measurements an ordinary person, you can feel younger in the sense that he or she has more years ahead as time goes on, " said Warren Sanderson, of the University of New York at Stony Brook.
Sanderson and Sergei Scherbov, Vienna Institute of Demography of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, used their method to estimate what proportion of older people in Germany, Japan and the United States will change in the future.
The average German was 39.9 years in 2000 and could plan to live another 39.2 years , according to research published in the Science journal Nature on Wednesday.
In short, by 2050 the average German citizen will have 51.9 years and may live another 37.1 years of life.
Then, the average age of a person in 2050 will be around 52 years instead of 40 years as estimated in 2000.
"As people have more and more years left to live, will have to save more and plan your life and indeed they behave as if they were younger , "says Sanderson.
5 years ago, the average American was about 35.3 years old and could plan to live about 43.5 years of life. By 2050 the research estimate that will increase from 41.7 years to 45.8 years over the next few years "
" Many of our skills, our education, our savings and the way we deal with our health care depend largely on how many years we live "continues Sanderson
" This dimension of how many years we live has been completely ignored in discussions over the ages so far "ends.
life expectancy grows in the United States
(Agency AP) ATLANTA - the decline in rates major cause death (including coronary heart disease and cancer have life expectancy of Americans in a record number of 77.6 years. women still live longer than men , but the gap is narrowing.
women now have a life expectancy of 80.1 years, 5.3 more than men. There is a small fall of 5.4 years in 2002 and continues a steady decline from a peak of 7.8 years in 1979, said the National Center for Health statistics Monday in his report annual mortality.
Research indicates that there is an increase in life expectancy, says Mary A. Salomon, a professor of sociology at the University of North Carolina.
"She Not that there 's much more sick people , " said in a telephone interview with the AP ,
adding: "There has been much speculation as this will affect Social Security, of course"
In fact the biggest topic of discussion in Washington and elsewhere is on Bush's plan to change Social Security, which says it is experiencing a financial crisis caused by increasing life expectancy, lower birth rates and baby boomers.
The total number of deaths in the US in 2003 it was 2,443,908 reflects an increase of 521 general population growth.
In the older age groups is a drop in mortality rates. Infant mortality, which increased to 7 per 100,000 in 2005- the first such rise in decades in 2003 was 6.9, a change that the agency was not statistically meaning you .
While overall life expectancy rises to 77.6 was good news, Americans still trace many other countries according to statistics from the World Health Organization.
In 2002, Japan had the longest life expectancy at 81.9 years, followed by Monaco with 81.2, San Marino and Switzerland , 80.6, Australia 80.4, 80.3 and Iceland Andorra 80.1.
Other countries with similar rates to the US They are: Austria, Belgium, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, Luxembourg , Malta, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Spain and the United Kingdom.
The index for coronary heart disease decreased from 240.8 per 100,000 in 2002 to 232.1 in 2003.
The cancer death rates fell from 193.5 to 189.3 per 100,000. among whites rates per 100,000 fell 2.1 percent in men and 1.2 percent women among blacks indices fell 2.5% for men and 2.4 for women, Hispanic men there was a decrease of 4.2 compared to 1.8% Hispanic women.

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[ 8 ]

Quality of life is quality of work and vice versa

While alcohol and other drugs is a practice that has been present in the lives of people throughout most of our history, it is true that in recent years its use has taken on worrying dimensions, with characteristics of pandemic and considerable drop in the age of exploration startup.
It is impossible for this social dynamic not move to the work scenarios, because these areas are made up of people who cast them their joys, their concerns and their habits, contaminating the working reality.
Alcohol and / or drugs by workers absolutely affects all levels of the organization, individual, family and society.

Promoting consumption

Alcohol in particular is one of the oldest drugs known to man and, for many, the most widely used. One of the features we most equal to the beings on this planet is that its use and abuse does not distinguish countries (developing and developed), regions, races and cultures. Ingest more and more people and grow the amount consumed per capita. In turn, we witness the appearance on the market of greater variety of alcoholic beverages, with increased promotion of increasingly explosive mixtures. Celebrations, meals, celebrations, leisure, business, labor; our entire society seems to be imbued with an alcoholic culture that has become part of our folklore.
In some bars Rosario is increasingly touted the "after office" where workers make a stop after completion of their tasks and prior home. Approximately at 19:00 takes place the "happy hour" (2 x 1 drinks). In some cases this activity is changing habits, because these workers begin to get home later than usual, and sometimes continue celebrative activities after having made a "good basis", lengthening your day at the expense of the rest repairman.

Some numbers that reflect our reality:

"More than one million Argentines used marijuana at least once in their lives and another 400,000 cocaine, according to research by the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INDEC).
"According to the International Labour Organization (ILO) 70% of consumers of alcohol and other drugs work.
"The head of the Office of Prevention and Combating Drug Abuse of the United Nations for the Southern Cone, notes that 10% of drug workers, and this number increases if we consider the consumption of alcohol.
"The Secretariat for Addiction Care of the Province of Buenos Aires (SADA) in its report published in Clarin newspaper (23/05/05) notes that drugs and alcohol are responsible for direct and indirect 37% of accidents work.
"In another report the same Undersecretariat (SADA) states that the highest rate of alcohol abuse are placed in groups with between 18 and 25 years old. I work in this particular mention of the group of under 18 where it is reflected that 3 out of 10 young people abuse alcohol is made. Ultimately they observed the two groups could be said to constitute a new generation of future workers, if they no longer belong to the workforce.
"According to the Superintendency of Occupational Risks in the year 2004 414.559 workers had the accident, representing approximately 2 injured per minute. Fatal accidents were 718. There were 70,514 accidents more than in 2002 and by the medical licenses of these workers 7,748,171 working days were lost. It means that for every 14 workers insured suffered an accident in January. It is estimated that this number doubles when we consider the uninsured workers because most precarious working conditions.

labor - Economic Crisis

Large changes in the Argentina economy in the 90 directly affected the labor market. The Gran Rosario suffered such modifications and experienced one of the highest unemployment rates in the country. The permanence of this trend for several years left the population exposed to a situation of structural unemployment with devastating effects of social exclusion.
This experience occurred in workers a profoundly disintegrating process, as it is directly linked to the loss of social status, personal impairment, difficulty preserve what worked so hard to acquire throughout life and sense of instability about the future of their children.
These changes in turn led to changes in family structures, which in many cases transformed the roles of men and women. Changes in management of the family budget and the division of housework where men had to assume domestic responsibilities and women in many cases take over the breadwinners.
While unemployment generates depression in men and women, in men it is enhanced, because the lack of work puts his masculine identity crisis at that cultural mandate to be a supplier at home as a sign of his masculinity.
Unemployment reached its highest peak in May 2002, climbing to 24.3% in the rosarino agglomerate. Of that percentage, the most disadvantaged group is made up of young people from 20 to 28 years (28.8%).
Product of this crisis psychiatric consultations increased by almost 300% in the first quarter of 2002, prevailing panic attacks as a result of economic collapse, unemployment and uncertainty in the labor continuity, according to a report by the Association of Argentine Psychiatrists (APSA).

Our experience

There is a social imaginary that links drug users: youth - marginality - crime - unemployment. Also it has a very negative image of the consumer, as someone harmful to society illegal drugs. However this has no real basis.
In particular, the most representative idea about an alcoholic is to that tramp who wanders drunk, however this group is a small percentage in relation to the vast majority of alcoholics who live with their families, have work and carry a 'seemingly normal "life.
Over the years we taught that drug addicts do not respond to any social stereotype: there are young people and adults, the unemployed and executives, poor and high socioeconomic status.
What we could see is a particularly common feature, which is the tendency of these individuals to deny the existence of the problem, therefore not usually seek help. Which hinders the early detection of problematic consumption, and prevention of harmful consequences. Are generally negative employment impact which the attention of the medical services of the organization rather than voluntary consultation worker.
Historically the detection of cases of substance abuse within the workplace was linked to people with chronic alcohol problems, they find it embarrassing to which hide their situation. Things remain as they are and when the person with problems exceeds the limit of endurance of the boss or supervisor, at best cases are assigned tasks in quiet places, hidden, lower risk and potential liability, "you do a favor "in other cases" cut their losses ", dismissal or" voluntary retirement. " None of the options are of great help for an individual immersed in this problem.
For years our clinical practice had eyes focused on one side of the labor scene: workers with problems with alcohol and other drugs seeking professional help in a situation that, at some point, began to disturb in their daily lives.
On the one hand, people who need more containment therapeutic modalities, ie, inpatient or day full - time, are individuals who are often outside the production system. At some point in their treatment, social reintegration process includes, among other issues planning their life projects, job search. Job placement is not achieved, perhaps because of youth and labor inexperience, by lack of education, low skills training or come from: At this point a great difficulty that sometimes discourages the evolutionary process registered so far appears families where not transited the culture of work (recorded history of youth who are the third generation of the family that does not cross the formal work experience), and for many other reasons.
On the other hand, people who are under treatment in outpatient procedures, are individuals who may still hold some responsibilities such as work. It is common to hear that these people during admission interviews accuse two major concerns: the growing subjective distress and perceived risk of job loss. In this regard it is noteworthy that, mostly, there is a clear awareness of the consultants about the terrible consequences that would entail the loss of employment, a fact which can be viewed as catastrophic and determining further complicate their lives. Here you can agree that the possibility of losing the job acts as a good motivator for seeking treatment.
So those who are not embedded in the production system, wanting to join this encounter great difficulties, which can lead to frustration, listlessness and in the worst cases to relapse. People who do have jobs are worried about not losing and there organized his working life in terms of a series of mazes (excuses, subterfuge) exploiting its actoral to hide when the dysfunctionality appears on your task vein.
Contrary to the belief that people with problems with alcohol and other drugs prefer to remain idle can arrange that work works for them and for other people who are not immersed in the problem as the backbone and represents much more than a simple means of material subsistence. Labour activity organized social structures, it is an important source of personal satisfaction, provides status and social prestige, offering identity and provides opportunity for the development of aspirations, projects, knowledge, skills and group interaction.
Positive job functions are generating psychosocial well - being. Now, when workers make use and abuse of psychoactive substances can occur work begins to be psychosocially dysfunctional and does not happen such adaptation and / or development of the individual. Also the difficulty of working or poor working conditions risk situations occur first after labor and social maladjustment.
We argue strongly that working in good condition is synonymous with winning quality of life.

In conclusion

It is almost impossible not to run daily with these difficulties in the workplace, look away not improve the situation, persecutory and repressive policies have not had much effect. Economic and labor crisis, violent changes in family structures, young abusers of alcohol and other drugs, naturalization consumption due to increased social tolerance, toxic culture, social pressure, etc. The worst conditions having to do with demand and the best conditions for the supply of alcohol and drugs together.
The problem is installed and need early intervention is vital raise the awareness of those responsible for the areas of Human Resources, occupational medicine and / or health and safety on the invaluable benefit of acting preventively, then form preventive agents . Many companies derive us to the facility for treatment of their human resources when they can no longer hide their situation. At this point it is likely that the addictive process takes several years of evolution, with all the difficulties of a problem become chronic and complex therapeutic task involved.
Hardly anyone can ask for help if you do not have in your workplace with a suitable program, which guarantees the worker laundering their situation will not be punished but addressed as any other health problem, and that the treatment of this problem will be guaranteed by the company and the union.
The whole company, union and worker to formulate effective policies on drugs and alcohol work is imposed, taking advantage of the perfect opportunity to carry out prevention and health promotion within the scope of the work, which is presented as an ideal place to intervene, because there is a homogeneous population, ability to run long term that allow early detection and monitoring of cases detected and motivation for the worker who is a treatment at the prospect of losing employment actions.
We argue from our work and in accordance with the code of practice of the ILO, that problems with alcohol and other drugs should be considered as health problems and therefore treated like any other health problem at work and be within the scope of health services.
Problems related to alcohol and other drugs pose a threat to the health of workers, and therefore the health of organizations. Given the health of workers as a fundamental value will benefit all parties involved: the company, the worker, his family and the whole society.

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[ 9 ]

Massages and meditate in the office, a new delivery

Work more than twelve hours a day and not find where to park and live on the run, they are everyday situations that cause stress. 62 percent of business managers chronically suffer from this disease, according to the Argentina Society of Medicine. To reverse this situation, more and more momentum becomes a market already occupies a niche so far nonexistent: relaxation centers serving employees in the office.
"We are witnessing worrying people suffering states. Les shakes the body, have a high level of anxiety and weight problems , " he told La Razon Silvia Vales, director of a meditation center located in the downtown.
Symptoms of those who occupy senior positions and who approach the various therapies, are tiredness, excess pressure, hyperactivity, do not get results with psychologists and want to recover as quickly as possible.
" I wanted a change in my life because it was out of focus. He worked twelve hours a day, had headaches and constant vomiting, aggression problems and crisis in my family , " said the "team leader" of IBM Argentina, Nestor Piquet, who less than four months dropped 15 kilos and got his cell did not sound all the time. "He understood that change was internal, I had to learn to delegate. This was thanks to talks that guided me in the psychological and labor issues , " he admitted.
Yoga for executives is one of the options for businesses. You can take a class at the workplace, it lasts 45 minutes and regenerates radically worker morale and improve performance. The courses are around 10 pesos per class or 40 pesos per month. "We incorporate this technique two years ago. As our company is financial services, take quick and very responsible decisions, this creates a high level of stress. Since we have classes, employees have greater enthusiasm and better standards concentration , "said human resources manager Capital Markets Argentina, Alejandro Lebrero.
Another alternative is massage. Several physiotherapists carry their ergonomic offices that require their services chairs. "Needless to undress or have privacy and sessions last between 20 and 25 minutes , " he told the lawyer Soledad Barrenechea. The price is a minute weight, and the amount of time varies depending on customer needs.
"Many companies, when they see that in some areas there is malfeasance relaxation classes they pay their employees , " said Vales, who is increasingly sought to dictate his talks relaxation in different companies.

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[ 10 ]

5 reasons to say NO to cigarettes in the office

1. snuff smoke has over 4,000 chemicals, many of them toxic, such as carbon monoxide and tar.
2. Each cigarette remaining 8 minutes of life to the smoker. The snuff is the most important preventable cause of death in the world
3. Smoking causes serious diseases: 85% of lung cancer cases, 50% of bladder cancers, 35% of heart attacks, emphysema, and about 85% of chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary diseases.
4. The smoke causes unsightly effects and anti - social: pale, smelly hair and clothes, bad breath, yellow teeth, dark circles, catarrh, hoarseness increasingly pronounced and premature skin aging.
5. Your habit harms others:
Children: passive smoking is also caused serious illnesses: lung, ear infections, asthma, eye, nose and throat irritations cancer.
Pregnant women: passive smoking increases the risk of premature delivery, spontaneous abortion, prenatal mortality and low birth weight.
The so - called "secondhand smoke" includes two types of smoke that the smoker exhales and that overall cigarette when burned. This mixture contains more than 4,500 substances of which more than 40 are known to cause cancer in humans or animals and many are strong irritants. It is estimated that a person who breathes this smoke in a room with smokers receive the equivalent of smoking a cigarette per hour damage.
The Environmental Protection Agency US (EPA) has classified secondhand smoke as a known cause of lung cancer in humans (Group A carcinogen). The agency estimates that in the United States, passive smoking causes about three thousand deaths annually from cancer in nonsmokers.
A person who is married to a smoker has a 30 percent greater risk of developing lung cancer than a person living with a nonsmoker.

WHAT TO DO AT WORK?

It is recommended that every company has smoking rules that effectively protect nonsmokers from involuntary exposure to smoke snuff. Many companies and organizations already have established standards but their effectiveness varies. Simply separate the smokers from nonsmokers, and the cafeteria, may reduce exposure, but even so, the latter will be exposed to smoke recirculates or percolating places non - smoking .
Two options that effectively protect the nonsmoker are:
Prohibit smoking inside or limit it to specially designed rooms, thus preventing the smoke from escaping to other parts of the building.
The costs of establishing rooms designed for this purpose vary building and possibly more costly to eliminate smoking completely.
If smoking inside a building is allowed, it should take place in a room that meets certain conditions. The smoking room air must be extracted directly to the outside by an exhaust fan. Should not re-circulate in other parts of the building. It is necessary that the amount of air extracted from the room is greater than the amount received, ensuring that secondhand smoke does not leak to nearby places.
The smoking cessation programs sponsored by companies are an important part of any general rule for smoking. If smoking in designated outdoor permitted, they should not be placed near the doors (or near air intakes of the ventilation system) where nonsmokers are forced to cross the smoke of smokers gathered near the doors. Some companies have installed outdoor places with shelters and ashtrays for smoking comfort. With these measures the company will be protected from possible lawsuits from employees who do not smoke, which in other circumstances, would be affected by the pollution of smoking.
Argentina currently exist in 89 "smoke - free" in the register of the Ministry of Health of the Nation companies
What you can win if you quit
Hours
After 12 hours your lungs begin to work a little better. After 20 hours your heart rate and blood pressure tend to return to normal.
Days
After a few days the senses of taste and smell improve
Weeks
After 2 to 12 weeks, improve blood circulation: walking and running will become easier. They diminish dark circles, halitosis , and skin pallor. Aging is delayed.
Months
Between 3-9 months coughs and colds will decrease and lung function improve.
Until
the risk of cardiovascular disease is reduced by half. Women who stop smoking before pregnancy reduces the chances of having low birth weight.
1-5 years
there will be no nicotine in the blood, avoiding eatdos anxiety, agitation and insomnia. The risk of cancer of the oral cavity, esophagus and bladder is reduced.
5-10 years
The risk of disease cerebrovascualres be equal to that of nonsmokers. The risk of heart attack is twice less than that of a smoker.
After 10 years
The risk of heart attack reach the same level as a person who has never smoked. The risk of lung cancer is less than twice a smoker. Life expectancy is equal to that of non fuamdores.

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[ 11 ]

The "mouse syndrome" continues to claim victims

In Europe, 46% of health problems related to work due to the use of mouse that affects the carpal tunnel.
The intensive computer use at work, in school or at leisure is affecting more people every day, and not only with eye problems. The "mouse syndrome" as it is called the carpal tunnel conditions, cause in Europe 46% of all work related directly (no data on Argentina) diseases.
In the nineteenth century, bad postures and movements affected the telegraph, and now are sitting in front of computer those with the syndrome "mouse", named for the use of the mouse, which affects just the back of the wrist. A few years ago, the casualties caused by repetitive movements in the workplace have increased dramatically.
These problems, which are called disorders of cumulative trauma (CTD) occur alarmingly in all types of workplaces, from plants meatpacking up in rotating daily, reported the site "Terra".
According to the latest statistics in this area, disorders associated with repeated trauma account for about 46% of all occupational illnesses and cost European businesses around 800 million euros. Among them, the most frequent casualties are caused by the "carpal tunnel syndrome".
The "carpal tunnel syndrome" (CTS) is a condition that affects the hand, caused by pressure on the median nerve at the wrist. This causes symptoms such as numbness and tingling in the hand (especially in the thumb, index and ring). There may be pain, which is limited to the hand and wrist, but that sometimes radiates to the forearm.
CTS often wakes the patient at night, and symptoms may appear with activities such as driving, typing, hold handle a mouse or other efforts that involve significant use of hand. In the "advanced disease", a loss of strength and a decrease in muscle mass at the base of the thumb may occur.

Tips not suffer Syndrome Carpal Tunér

1. Stretch the right arm forward, parallel to the ground. Using your left hand, hold the fingertips of his right hand and tighten slightly back toward his face. Hold the stretch for 10 seconds. Perform a series of 10. Repeat with the other hand.
2. Position yourself standing straight in front of a mirror. A hands at chest level, as if he were praying. Keep hands and press flat palm against the other. For more stretch, palms down but keep your elbows in place. Hold the stretch for 20 seconds. Perform a series of 10.
3. Reverse Phalen maneuver: standing with arms parallel to the floor. A top of hands, with fingers pointing to the ground. Elevate your wrists trying to hold together his hands. Hold the stretch for 10 seconds. Do the exercise five times.

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[ 12 ]

Fitness and Health business

"This is an article drawn from a research conducted for obtaining the master 's degree in physical education at the University of Salamanca, Spain, on the same concepts of occupational health, safety, industrial hygiene and sentinel surveillance relate, implementing one program of labor gymnastics in three companies, the opinion of the recipients and suggestions derived from the research. "
the occupational Medicine is a part of medicine that is concerned with the physical and mental health of the worker, in view of protecting risks of harmful agents and, therefore, promotes the performance of their work. You must fight absenteeism and minimize the frequency of accidents and their severity, and prevent diseases caused by daily work, with the consequent reduction in insurance costs and compensation.
"The Occupational Medicine is an individualized action through measures of protection and recovery of the health of workers. It is the field of health that can best contribute to this, because through epidemiological studies can describe the causal relationship between accidents and diseases and reach of prevention "
occupational medicine should basically take the position of being ahead of the situation, "diagnosing the problems as early as possible, in an active position, anticipating problems." Is the science and art of recognizing, evaluating and controlling occupational hazards capable of causing alterations in health work or affect your comfort and efficiency. As a multidisciplinary field of specialization, professionals must work together and with "spirit of cooperation" in the face of common goals.

Occupational Health & Safety

Occupational Safety can be defined as "a series of technical, medical and psychological, to prevent occupational accidents, educating workers to avoid them through means and procedures able to eliminate unsafe conditions of the work environment.". The relationship between job security and human resource policies can be studied from two aspects: security as part of company policy and security as a reflection of them.
In reality, it is observed that the awareness and care as accident prevention by workers, is exactly proportional to the attitude adopted by the company. This observation is confirmed in the statement that says that accidents happen not only because of the lack of use of safety equipment, but also because they do not care, company and employees, prevent and this disregard for the prevention of accidents may reflect the widespread indifference of the company to its human resources, and although the position described is still predominant, there are conscious companies that are serious about preventing accidents; in these workers receive safety programs well.
This awareness can be the ideal, in the sense of responsibility and commitment to employee health and systemic vision, but it certainly is and conscience who felt "in the pocket" or "box" the difference between acting preemptively and reactively act. It is found in practice that those who do not feel satisfied and calm in their working environment and whose levels of tension and insecurity are significant become more prone to accidents and mistakes. Beyond that, they tend to resist prevention programs.
Therefore, in companies where the predominant type of relationship is paternalistic, encouraging dependency and immaturity, reaction on the emotional level, is usually "if the company does not care about me, not interested, why me going to worry me? ". And one of the corresponding behaviors is resistance to any kind of measure to safety. In the process of organizational changes necessary to achieve competitiveness under the new approach (referred to above), it is already demanding the definition of "new environments for human resource policies aimed at achieving results in terms of innovation, quality products and services and labor productivity. " Protection of workers in their jobs, the risks resulting from factors adverse to health; placing and maintenance of workers in the working environment adapted to their physiological skills, in short is "the adaptation of work to man and each man to his own work"
Previously, its scope was limited to diseases or attributed injury to himself working conditions or the environment thereof. With the experience gained over the years, it became clear that those factors are causing or contributing to the onset of various diseases or health damage not related to work.

Workers' Health

"It is a specific field of public health area that seeks to act through its own procedures, in order to promote the health of the people involved in the performance of work". Health Workers depends on three basic points for effective preservation: technical legal, educational and:
• The Legal refers to laws requiring employers to comply with the safety and health at work .
• The Educational manifested by the awareness of employers to control risks in the environment and in the mode of production, as well as for training of workers regarding the risks and prevention.
• The Technical is on the application of knowledge engineering and human behavior to obtain environments and safe work procedures.
The results in this field depend fundamentally on the capacity of integration and cooperation of members of an institution around the common goal. The new jobs cause of cooperation and communication difficulties and lead to isolation, which stimulates the worker to wrap up the monotony of tasks. That brings boredom and fatigue, while it is required high degree of attention and quick responses. It is a contradictory situation for the individual, which ultimately generate you a series of symptoms that fall into the mental fatigue and included in the psychosomatic field.
Night and rotating shift workers deserve special attention because, they are contrary to human nature, going against biological rhythms (circadian rhythms - set of endogenous variations) and psychosocial community life and coincide with higher rates of accidents and dropouts of work. The traditional field of Occupational Medicine, limited to the workplace as determinants of accidents and diseases concern expands and gives health workers a more appropriate role in the consideration of man at work. That's what the theory says that despite being distant from practice, it is a sign of change.

Epidemiological surveillance

When performed "systematic and continuous information system (health) collection is useful for surveillance when it is timely and systematically channeled aspects seen in the development of Epidemiological Surveillance". The traditional Epidemiological Surveillance has been characterized in the area of Occupational Health, in most cases, by monitoring the effects. It has, for example, registration of deaths as a more ancient form of gathering information to monitor public health problems.
In addition to the discussion of the scope of the Epidemiological Surveillance, which has been given special emphasis in recent decades, there has been the expansion of methods based monitoring systems general notification to include investigative techniques, sentinel systems, and other approaches to gathering information. According to several authors, "Epidemiologic Surveillance in Occupational Health, seeks":
• Identify diseases, injuries and risk factors represent new opportunities for prevention.
• Define the size and distribution of the problem in the workforce.
• Evaluate trends of the magnitude of the problem, to have, at least in principle, an evaluation tool of preventive strategies used.
• Identify occupations, economic activities, types of industry, etc., requiring special attention (training, strengthening of inspection visits, etc.)
• Public dissemination or additional regulatory efforts that make complementary efforts to prevent new episodes white .
Thus, the Epidemiologic Surveillance in Occupational Health emerges linked to the conventional use of surveillance of communicable diseases, although several authors have pointed out the need to reconceptualize and raise the Epidemiological Surveillance in terms of "a generator system of knowledge that has as worker protection primary "goal. However, the development of Epidemiological Surveillance and intervention strategy is determined by the conceptual framework that explains the relationship of health and disease in the workplace, the perception of the role to be assumed by the state and employers face this problem , the type of participation of workers, unions and groups of occupational health, and most importantly, the participation of Risk Managers Professionals, entities not only the affiliation of workers and management of the money quoted by such membership, but the activities of health promotion and prevention of occupational risks in affiliated companies.
In Colombia, the Ministry of Health established the rules of priority Surveillance System Law 9 events in 1979 or National Health Code in Title VII and Regulatory Decree 1562 of 1984. Decree 614 of March 1984, by which determine the basis for the organization and management of Occupational Health in the country, in section thirty their on Sub program Occupational Medicine defines that companies should "develop programs Epidemiological Surveillance of occupational diseases related pathology work and absenteeism due to such causes. "

Sentinel surveillance

According to some authors, the "sentinel methodology to detect changes in health caused by exposure to a wide range of risk factors present in the workplace, this methodology is a supplement to traditional studies (as almost obligatory first step in many cases) as it increases the effectiveness and efficiency of labor epidemiological studies of specific character. "
However, according to the approach of other authors, the sentinel event can be placed in a stage prior to the onset of damage to health or labor unrest. In fact, participation in the Sentinel Surveillance by the various agencies at work level and the institutions providing health services, can promote interest in studying in depth the health problems facing the working population, based on the use of available information and research and case analysis to recognizing and intervening determinants of these problems.
On the other hand, it is necessary to record the positive aspects that may have in the workplace involved in creating favorable conditions for the maintenance and development of health (health promotion), for example, relations of solidarity between colleagues, organizing sessions of gymnastics and recreation in the workplace, promoted by the labor organization for the benefit of workers and other activities.

Industrial hygiene

"The main objective of the Industrial Hygiene is to provide a healthy working environment for workers, so that they can perform their tasks throughout their working life without that bring result in damage to your health, comfort and efficiency. Thus, it is not intended just that workers are guaranteed their health during the time they devote to work, but also that they can enjoy their retirement without having to live with any damage due time and work environment who performed their tasks during their working lifetime. "

Labor gymnastics

The industrialized, mechanized and automated work is oriented towards an unbridled quest to achieve the highest performance and improve the quality of products. Ie the competitiveness of the modern world makes the existence of increasingly stressful Man and eventually compromising the quality of life and health of the worker. In this situation companies are taking some measures to address the aforementioned problems, among them the daily practice of Labor Gymnastics Preparatory combined with ergonomic studies and measures is.

Objectives of the Labor Gymnastics

The application of exercise in the workplace basically has the following objectives:
• To guide and correct postural defects that are taken during work tasks.
• Prevent diseases resulting from work habits.
• Reduce stress and muscle pain.
• Increase the readiness for work.

Benefits of Labor Gymnastics

The contributions of this type of gymnastics in the same workplace are routed to three aspects: the physiological, psychological and social.
□ The Physiological helps in decreasing the rate of psychosomatic illnesses (fatigue, stress and a sedentary lifestyle) as moderate exercise causes increased blood flow to the muscle structure, thus improving the oxygenation of the muscles and tendons, preventing repetitive strain injuries (RSIs).
□ The Psychological favors the change of routine day -to- day; improves self - esteem; It increases the ability to concentrate at work; encourages employees to practice physical activity; It increases the quality of life of employees.
□ The Sociological promotes the integration of the group; fosters peer relationships; improves the image of the company; and is a strong motivational factor.

generalities

"The Labor Gymnastics is a physical activity during working hours in the workplace". Performing gymnastic exercises in the workplace it should be seen as an indispensable element in the workspace of any company or organization to give workers the chance to improve their position through awareness of the location of body segments more suitable for their body structure, tending to maintain health and prevent pain or injuries caused by fatigue or muscle contractures that may be the result of the daily work within the company.
The implementation of these movements seeks also act preventively and compensatory of the activity performed by each of the members of the company, and thus decrease the percentage of accidents that could be linked with working posture and muscle fatigue . Also physical activity in the workplace improves the effectiveness and efficiency of workers because the employees participating in the program are relieved muscle aches and the need to address the work routine mood.

Background

In the paper presented at the Third National Congress of Professional Risks held in Colombia from 12 to 14 September 2001, it states that "in Colombia, skeletal muscle - related injuries work constituted 44.6% of the working days lost in 1999. " In the same paper it argues "that the main causes of these muscle - injury skeletal are to keep the body for a long time in the same posture, repetitive execution of movements and improper weight lifting." According to the same source, in Colombia, 1200 workers suffer musculo - skeletal injuries daily, causing an economic loss for both the worker and the company.
In another article on the exercise within the company, it is stated that when the "maladjustment of the organism to the characteristics of the job , " why injuries, "the majority of cases we see originate analyzes that these are preventable through a program of physical activity "with physical exercises adapted to the characteristics of the job, which are vital to the health of employees as" impossible and absurd to go against technological development, as it is one of the reasons of life of society , "what if we can and must do is create a biological resistance to adapt through exercise to produce and enjoy the technology.
Furthermore, according to the author, physical exercise and work activities have manifested joined by Labor Gymnastics. "The strategy is to work those muscles that have less participation in the workday to accelerate recovery in those which are fundamental at work; so that thus a recovery of the working capacity of these muscles (Active Rest Principle in Sports Training) occurs, resulting in an optimal way in the development of work increasing productivity. "
For this reason, the implementation of this program can work with profit growth of the company without deteriorating the workforce or human resources, lower costs for reasons of work injuries and, as a result, produce strengthening health worker. In Brazilian government publications different lines of action are promoted. These include the following highlights: "create agreements with non - governmental organizations to carry out programs on physical activity in companies, to ensure access and retention of workers in regular physical activity practices entities, as they are essential for the health care workers. "
According to the journal C & D (Knowledge & Management), citing reports from the World Health Organization (WHO), "stress, anxiety and depression are the leading causes of work disability in the next twenty years. The paradox of the matter is that this situation is costing large sums of money to organizations, and will continue unless precautions are taken to reverse this trend. ". Absenteeism, which is among the immediate consequences of this problem, grew up in average annual day in Canada during 1999, with an additional cost of $ 600 million, bringing the total cost for absenteeism and disability in that country to 20 billion per year during the same year.
So that strategies to be developed by companies will be designed to ensure that the welfare of employees is a priority at the time of decision making as this will result in better working environment and increased employee productivity.
Research:
In an evaluative research program Labor Gymnastics called Colazo PGL, implemented in enterprises of Jesus Maria, Colonia Caroya and Villa del Totoral to know the opinion of the recipients regarding the importance of this for workers and benefits labor gymnastics program involved a sample for this research 30% of the total population of each of the companies what I mean an amount of 350 people involved in the research process took. The method used for data collection was selected for quality - quantitative and data collection technique was a self - administered survey. and the instrument for this purpose a questionnaire.

results:

Depending on the importance assigned to the program Labor Gymnastics Preventive (Colazo PGL) in the three companies there is a match with regard to the consideration of employees, 57% of respondents argued that it is very important, 36% is important and 7% unimportant, so it follows that 93% of program participants considers it desirable and interesting to perform this type of activity within the company.
Taking into account the role of respondents, it is noted that the managers of the three companies say it is "very important" this activity before starting their work day, match them all the administrative employees of the company "B2" and with a large majority operators of it, which shows the degree of dissemination of the program in the company "B2", because, in all functions employees have a high regard for the program.
With respect to the benefits of Colazo PGL most respondents argued that: first "uplifting to start the workday , " second order "reduces aches and muscle aches" and thirdly that "helps improve postures at work. " First in the three companies that option mood after performed this activity it is the most accessions collected but considerations also appear for posture and reduce muscle aches and pains and other jobs.
Analyzing the results of the benefits by functions within companies, managers argue that the most significant benefits of making a program Labor Gymnastics are: "reduces muscular aches and pains," "helps improve posture at work" and " favors the bond between partners. " This is where the first difference appears function since this position allows us to observe the working environment and the relationship between co task after participating in the program of preventive labor gymnastics.
With reference to administrative employees, they were inclined to consider that "uplifting to start work day" "helps improve posture at work" and that "reduces muscular aches and pains" in this degree of reference functions otherwise the working environment is where the option was indicated greater willingness to start the day in the company after physical activity.
For the operators of the three companies, the biggest benefits Labor Gymnastics Program are that "uplifting to start work day" which "improves posture at work" and that "reduces muscle aches and pains."

conclusions:

After the analysis and interpretation of data highlighted the following conclusions:
 ". The implementation of a program of Labor Gymnastics Preventive (PGL) within a company helps improve posture at work and reduces discomfort and body aches"
 "Implementing a labor Gymnastics Program (PGL) within a company is considered important for their workers."
 "The Program Labor Gymnastics (PGL) lifts the spirits to start the workday."
Suggestions:
Based on the above findings may be previously set the following suggestions:
 "Legislate implementation of programs Labor Gymnastics within companies "supporting their reason concerns the health status of workers.
 "Spreading the significance of the scope of this activity from the Ministry of Health of the Nation", supporting the research work done in this regard and for the benefit of workers.
 "Suggest from the Ministry of Labor's Office and through the Superintendency of Labor, the implementation of this activity in enterprises" as another resource to increase safety at work.
 "Promoting the application of PGLP from the unions" as part of ongoing concern for the health of workers.
 "Promoting Labor Gymnastics Program between Labor Risk Insurance", thus integrating more sectors dealing with the health of workers.
 "Include in the training of human resource managers, the scope and benefits of labor gymnastics" as a way to learn more about the possibilities to intervene strategically within the company.
 "Propose a curriculum specialization Physical Education Teacher" to work in another area of service.
 "encourage the study, training and continuing specialization of human resources in front of PGL" from public, private and / or mixed organizations, in order to respond to changing business demand and ensure better Gymnastics Laboral.
 "Coordinating the advice and supervision of programs" in an autonomous, integrating the area of Health, Labour and Physical Education, in order to guide companies interested in this program.

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[ 13 ]

Fatigue

After any activity, the body is not the same, is said to fatigue. After the break back to normal. But when fatigue is excessive, the body does not recover and rest is unrefreshed, it becomes pathological fatigue.
Fatigue, from the practical point of view can be defined as a reduction in the ability to work because of a previous effort. It is very difficult to determine the nature of fatigue, because it is likely that the reduction in the ability to work, be caused by various changes, from chemicals to psychological. When fatigue affects the whole organism, the problem is psychological in nature.
There is an instrument known by the name of ERGOGRAFO, created by an Italian scholar, ANGELO MOSSO, which makes it possible to investigate the relationship between fatigue and work and the science that studies these issues, is called: ERGONOMIA or science of work.

Causes of Fatigue:

Fatigue caused by bad positions.
Fatigue excess physical exertion.
Static: still, for a long time.
Dynamic: always moving.
Fatigue and psychological phenomena that are related to it:
The term psychological fatigue, we designate the factors that cause reduced work. Also commonly known as mental fatigue or suffer states of Monotony and boredom (harmful effects that appear repetitive work).
The work done in uncomfortable or awkward position, also alter the body. The physical effects are noticed on muscles and joints.
Although some positions do not involve major changes in the position of the joints (stand still, long) require 1os muscles contract continuously, reaching fatigue faster.
The response of muscles to overwork, is muscle pain. Overloading long will hurt the muscle tissue as well, losing its normal elasticity; the tendon loses its normal structure due to lack of blood circulation, becoming increasingly sensitive to the effort; joints lose the right support; bone tissue (bones), it degenerates by poor oxygenation and osteoarthritis appears.
Osteoarthritis occurs in every bone, but in the column, are in the most pain suffers
measures to take, suggested by the National Health and Safety at Work:
Adapt the pace of job opportunities workers, to reduce fatigue.
Set pauses to allow the rest of the worker.
In tasks where there is constantly repeating an operation and any joint overload, we must think of job rotation.
The jobs should be designed in such a way that the employee does not take uncomfortable or awkward postures.
Report (weights, sizes and dimensions of the materials that the worker can lift.
Empowering workers to lift objects properly, take positions and mobilize properly, not resenting your body.
Using the keyboard computer:
write on the computer, it can be an exercise in risk. poor posture can cause painful carpal tunnel syndrome, a condition that affects the wrist, hands and forearm.
the keyboard computer causes a widespread ailment. the monitor reflections, also produce conditions to users.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome:

This pain syndrome, is affecting manual workers for more than 100 years ago. However, only when the condition of the wrist, hand and arm, started hounding journalists he became a labor ailment known. Discovered how widespread beyond the limits of that profession. In the United States, it is affecting nearly two million workers.
The growth forecast is not encouraging. Just think that millions of children grow beside computers and increasingly more intensely used in more jobs. Until now, experts estimate that - in the United States - five out of 100 people, can develop this disease
This syndrome, which afflicts tens of thousands of workers, reducing their productivity and in some cases stubbornly blocking the possibility of earning life, is considered within the repetitive stress.

Why it originates:

The direct cause of discomfort is increased pressure on the median nerve in the arm, which is accompanied by nine tendons and numerous blood vessels. All they pass through a narrow tunnel in the wrist, closed by bones and a ligament, called the carpal tunnel. Since its origin, repeated physical efforts. There have also been cases where the tissues that form the tunnel swell and compress the nerve, due to pregnancy, thyroid disease or birth control pills.
Although it is not identified as such, it has been a relatively common disease among professional workers, butchers, bricklayers, hammers operators, carpenters, assembly line workers, upholsterers and sewing machine operators.
More recently, this disease began to spread to the supermarket cashiers using optical readers. Also, although to a lesser extent, was recorded among dentists, pianists and violinists, weavers, baseball pitchers and bank tellers. But he did not appear on the journalists, while working with typewriters.
Poor posture generate additional stress on arms and wrist

The symptoms:

The first symptom is a tingling and numbness in the fingers, which progresses to cause sharp pain and weakness in the hand and arm. In some cases, the illness sends some early warning signs: who is suffering, begins to wake up at night with pain and tingling on the hand and forearm. However, experts explain that rarely can warn-time because apparently no relation with the work done the day before.
As in other diseases, it is easy to ignore the first symptoms until they become so serious that it is no longer possible to work or do anything that requires some kind of skill or force hands.
Solutions:
Many patients need long-rehabilitation programs and, in some opportunities to surgery to a1iviar pressure on the nerve. And if corrective measures, in some cases, the damage becomes permanent and irreversible are not taken.
Physical therapists and experts in ergonomics have not wasted time and recommend alternatives ara try to avoid it .
First suggestion: start posture. Sit with your back straight good has never been so important, since a bad position, generates an additional strain on the arms and wrists. Right foot should rest on the floor, elbows close to the body, parallel to the desktop forearms, wrists straight and without being supported by anything, hands should form a line with the forearm. The computer screen should be preferably at eye level. If this is not possible, at an angle not exceeding 15 degrees relative to the head.
It is also highly advisable to take frequent breaks in the task of writing on the computer: the minimum, is to make a 15 minute break for every two hours at the keyboard. It is also good standing, walking, stretching and massage done on the palm and fingers.
For those who also suffer from eye problems produced by the monitors, it is recommended to reduce the light falling on the screen (using filters), muffle ambient light, lifting eyes on the monitor and - something simple but cash- flashing, with the as often as possible.

The prevenci6n:

To be fit, Houshang Serade, specializing in carpal tunnel syndrome, at the Center for Health Sciences Oklahoma, suggests these exercises:
1. Fold the wrist and fingers upward, then straighten back and relax wrists tas fingers.
2. Tighten both fists and bend your wrists
3. Finally, straighten the wrists and relax fingers.
4. Each series must be counting to five. Repeat 10 times.
Maintain a normal weight and exercise, slows the deterioration of the nerves. We must avoid sleeping with sprained wrists or hands under his head. Both positions generate pressure on the median nerve.

Precautions:

Spend several hours in front of a computer screen causes eyestrain. Red eyes, watery eyes , a persistent headache, difficulty to focus, if the sufferer spends several hours per day in front of a computer, it is most likely that it is discomfort caused by the monitor. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Hazards of the United States, say that 88% of workers who spend more than three hours a day in front of the PC, suffer from eyestrain.
The phenomenon is caused by overwork eye muscle. The shape and brightness of the monitors do not give the eye a good anchor point. Therefore, the eye tends to focus on distant one-point, more comfortable, and there piecework enter the eye muscles. This tug of war is causing the symptoms.

[ Index ▲ ]

[ 14 ]

List of substances and carcinogens

Agents, mixtures or circumstantial exposures that are listed below are carcinogenic to humans (IARC - Group 1):
- Mineral oils (untreated and mildly treated) *
- Isopropyl alcohol manufacture by the method of strong acids
- Tars *
- Asbestos
- 4-aminobiphenyl
- Arsenic and its compounds
- Asfaltos *
- Auramine, manufacturing
- Benzene
- Benzidine
- Beryllium and its compounds
- Bis (chloromethyl) ether, technical grade
- Cadmium
- chloromethyl methyl ether, technical grade
- chloride monomer vinyl
- hexavalent chromium and its salts
- aromatic extracts *
- mustard gas (yperite)
- Hematite, underground mining, with exposure to radon
- Soot *
- Magenta, manufacturing
- 2-naphthylamine
- N, N-bis (2- chloroethyl) -2-naphthylamine
- Nickel compounds
- EtO
- Radon and its compounds
- Silica
- Talc containing asbestiform fibers
* Due to the carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing.

[ Index ▲ ]

[ 15 ]

Nicotine poisoning, frequent snuff collectors

Nicotine poisoning is prevalent among collectors of snuff, but there are simple ways to reduce risk.
A team of US researchers found that among 304 collectors of snuff in North Carolina, more than 18 percent had experienced nausea, dizziness, headaches and other symptoms of nicotine poisoning in the last four months.
Workers with skin problems such as rash, itching or injury, were the most vulnerable, perhaps because the absorption occurred through the skin.
On the other hand, workers wearing rain gear to protect the skin from contact with snuff plants had low risk of poisoning.
The results suggest that keeping the skin dry and away from contact with plants snuff (especially the affected areas of the skin) may help prevent nicotine poisoning, American Journal of Industrial Medicine.
Nicotine is water soluble and fat. Transpiration from leaves of plants of snuff contains nicotine and when it passes to the skin, either directly or through wet clothes, immediately absorbed by the body, said Dr. Thomas A. Arcury, School of Medicine Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
Rain suits, told Reuters Health expert help prevent that from happening.
According to the new study, they should tell workers to take extra precautions to protect the affected skin areas.
Anyway, for Arcury, transmit these health messages can be challenging. In the United States, most workers in plantations snuff are Latino immigrants; most come from Mexico and many do not have access to medical care.
"Workers have limited resources and can not lose hours of work, either to avoid exposure (...) or receive medical care , " said Arcury.
In a previous study, the team found that producers of snuff, who know the symptoms of their workers, often minimize their severity or confuse their origin, as many blamed the heat or the physical demands of work, for example, instead of exposure to nicotine.

[ Index ▲ ]

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